CHAPTER 14: “A VERY SPECIAL GUEST”

  1. Santa J. Ono, “UBC Statement on Release of Alumna Loujain al-Hathloul,” UBC News, February 10, 2021, https://news.ubc.ca/2021/02/ubc-statement-on-release-of-alumna-loujain-al-hathloul/ (archive: perma.cc/VP4T-Z3CW).

  2. “Saudi Arabia: Release Women Human Rights Defenders Now!,” Amnesty Inter- national, accessed May 20, 2024, https://www.amnesty.ca/what-we-do/womenshuman-rights/saudi-arabia-release-women-human-rights-defenders-now/ (archive: perma.cc/8N4Q-S2BS).

  3. “Saudi Arabia: Women’s Rights Advocates Arrested,” Human Rights Watch, May 18, 2018, https://www.hrw.org/news/2018/05/18/saudi-arabia-womens-rights-advo cates-arrested.

  4. Loujain Alhathloul, “Kidnapped Freedoms,” Edinburgh International Book Festival, 2018, https://www.edbookfest.co.uk/look-and-listen/writing/freedom-papers/kid napped-freedoms.

  5. “. 26 ,. # 26 # # !” November 29, 2014, video, 0:18, https://www.youtube.comwatch?v=m7r-p7FHxqo.

  6. Robert Mackey, “Saudi Women Free after 73 Days in Jail for Driving,” New York Times, February 12, 2015, https://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/13/world/middleeastsaudi-women-free-after-73-days-in-jail-for-driving.html.

  7. Tracy McVeigh, “Fears for Female Saudi Activist as Detention for Driving a Car Is Extended,” Observer, December 13, 2014, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/dec/14/fears-saudi-female-acitivist-detained-driving-ban-loujain-alhathloul.

  8. Jess Staufenberg, “Saudi Arabia Is ‘Not Ready’ for Women Drivers, Says Deputy Crown Prince,” Independent, April 28, 2016, https://www.independent.co.uknews/world/middle-east/saudi-arabia-is-not-ready-for-women-drivers-saysdeputy-crown-prince-mohammed-bin-salman-a7004611.html.

  9. Stephen Kalin and Summer Said, “Saudi Women’s Rights Activist Sentenced to Nearly Six Years in Prison,” Wall Street Journal, December 28, 2020, https://www.wsj .com /articles /saudi -womens -rights -activist -convicted -byterrorism-court-11609168687.

  10. “‘I’ll Kill You . . . but before That, I’ll Rape You’: Loujain Alhathloul’s Arrest andTorture for Advocating for the Right to Drive,” DAWN, updated February 10, 2021, https://dawnmena.org/ill-kill-you-but-before-that-ill-rape-you-loujain-alhathlouls-torture-in-a-saudi-prison-2/ (archive: perma.cc/H2L2-B7XX).

  11. UN Human Rights Council Working Group on Arbitrary Detention, “Opinions Adopted by the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention at Its 87th Session, 27 April–1 May 2020: Opinion No. 33/2020 Concerning Loujain Alhathloul (United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia),” June 25, 2020, https://digitallibrary.un.orgrecord/3933637.

  12. “Female Activists Detained Ahead of Saudi Driving Ban Reversal,” National, May 20, 2018, https://www.thenational.scot/news/16238142.female-activists-detainedahead-saudi-driving-ban-reversal/ (archive: perma.cc/5G23-YRL8).

  13. Moustafa Bayoumi, “Mohammed bin Salman’s Talk of Reform Is a Smokescreen,”uardian, March 22, 2018, https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/mar/22/mohammed-bin-salmans-talk-reform-smokescreen (archive: perma.cc/F9KY-VU9C).

  14. Bayoumi, “Mohammed bin Salman’s Talk of Reform.”

  15. Megan K. Stack, “The West Is Kidding Itself about Women’s Freedom in Saudi Arabia,” New York Times, August 19, 2022, https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/19opinion/saudi-arabia-women-rights.html.

  16. “Tony Blair Consultancy Firm ‘Working with Saudi Government,’” New Arab, July 22, 2018, https://www.newarab.com/news/tony-blair-consultancy-firm-working-saudi-government (archive: perma.cc/K7N2-W44H).

  17. Alia al-Hathloul, “My Sister Is in a Saudi Prison. Will Mike Pompeo Stay Silent?,”ew York Times, January 13, 2019, https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/13/opinionsaudi-women-rights-activist-prison-pompeo.html.

  18. Al-Hathloul, “My Sister Is in a Saudi Prison.”

  19. Joel Schectman and Christopher Bing, “Insight: How a Saudi Woman’s iPhone Revealed Hacking around the World,” Reuters, February 17, 2022, https://www.euters.com/technology/how-saudi-womans-iphone-revealed-hacking-aroundworld-2022-02-17/.

  20. Joseph Hincks, “Saudi Activist Loujain al Hathloul Is Out of Jail. But Justice Remains a Distant Hope,” Time, February 11, 2021, https://time.com/5938331/loujain-hathloul-saudi-arabia/ (archive: perma.cc/5V72-QDPR).

  21. Joel Schectman and Christopher Bing, “Pegasus: How a Glitch on a Saudi Activ- ist’s Phone Provided a Blueprint of Cyber Espionage,” Wire, February 18, 2022, https://thewire.in/world/pegasus-glitch-iphone-saudi-activist-loujain-al-hathloulblueprint (archive: perma.cc/4ZNC-TTVG).

  22. Michelle Ghoussoub, “The Saudis Offered Her Freedom if She Denied Being Tortured. She Tore Up the Deal,” CBC News, August 14, 2019, https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/the-saudis-offered-her-freedom-if-she-deniedbeing-tortured-she-tore-up-the-deal-1.5247679; Walid al-Hathloul, “Canada Must Defend Women’s Rights at G20 Summit in Saudi Arabia,” National Post, November 18, 2020, https://nationalpost.com/opinion/walid-al-hathloul-canada-must-defend-womens-rights-at-g20-summit-in-saudi-arabia (archive: perma.cc/QR4K-M47Q).

  23. Bill Marczak, John Scott-Railton, Bahr Abdul Razzak, Noura al-Jizawi, Siena Anstis, Kristin Berdan, and Ron Deibert, ForcedEntry: NSO Group iMessage Zero-ClickExploit Captured in the Wild, Research Report No. 143, Citizen Lab, University of Toronto, September 13, 2021, https://citizenlab.ca/2021/09/forcedentry-nso-group-imessage-zero-click-exploit-captured-in-the-wild/ (archive: perma.cc/X8M2-GKP6).

  24. Schectman and Bing, “Insight: How a Saudi Woman’s iPhone.”

  25. Bill Marczak, John Scott-Railton, Noura al-Jizawi, Siena Anstis, and Ron Deibert, The Great iPwn: Journalists Hacked with Suspected NSO Group iMessage “Zero-Click” Exploit, Research Report No. 135, Citizen Lab, University of Toronto, December 20, 2020, https://citizenlab.ca/2020/12/the-great-ipwn-journalists-hacked-with-sus (archive: perma.cc/MF4E-GB4V) pected-nso-group-imessage-zero-click-exploit/.

  26. Virus Bulletin, “Exploit Archaeology a Forensic History of in the Wild NSO Group Exploits Donncha Ó Cearbhaill Amnest,” October 24, 2022, video, 29:59, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NvS67qiq8bw (archive: perma.cc/7X3B-JUZW).

  27. Schectman and Bing, “Insight: How a Saudi Woman’s iPhone.”

  28. “About the Security Content of iOS 14.8 and iPadOS 14.8,” Apple Support, November 6, 2023, https://support.apple.com/en-ca/103150 (archive: perma.cc/CWC6-MEEY).

  29. Ian Beer and Samuel Groß, “A Deep Dive into an NSO Zero-Click iMes- sage Exploit: Remote Code Execution,” Project Zero, December 15, 2021, https://googleprojectzero.blogspot.com/2021/12/a-deep-dive-into-nso-zero-click.html (archive: perma.cc/C34P-LURP).

  30. Apple Newsroom, “Apple Sues NSO Group to Curb the Abuse of State-Sponsored Spyware,” press release, November 23, 2021, https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2021/11/apple-sues-nso-group-to-curb-the-abuse-of-state-sponsored-spyware/ (archive: perma.cc/F9H5-9LXV).

  31. Apple Newsroom, “Apple Sues NSO Group.”

  32. Yona TR Golding, “Q&A: The Citizen Lab’s John Scott-Railton on Tackling the Ongoing Threat of Pegasus,” Columbia Journalism Review, February 21, 2024, https://www.cjr.org/the_media_today/qa_john_scott-railton_citizen_lab_pegasusphp (archive: perma.cc/5XXM-HF8U).

  33. John Scott-Railton, Bill Marczak, Paolo Nigro Herrero, Bahr Abdul Razzak, Noura al-Jizawi, Salvatore Solimano, and Ron Deibert, Project Torogoz: Extensive Hacking of Media & Civil Society in El Salvador with Pegasus Spyware, Research Report No. 148, Citizen Lab, University of Toronto, January 12, 2022, https://citizenlab.ca/2022/01/project-torogoz-extensive-hacking-media-civil-society-el-salvador-pegasus-spyware/ (archive: perma.cc/TDY7-CNKK).

  34. John Scott-Railton, Bill Marczak, Irene Poetranto, Bahr Abdul Razzak, Sutawan Chanprasert, and Ron Deibert, GeckoSpy: Pegasus Spyware Used against Thailand’s Pro-Democracy Movement, Research Report No. 157, Citizen Lab, University of Toronto, July 17, 2022, https://citizenlab.ca/2022/07/geckospy-pegasus-spyware-used-against-thailands-pro-democracy-movement/ (archive: perma.cc/Q8XX-P56P).

  35. Bill Marczak, John Scott-Railton, Bahr Abdul Razzak, and Ron Deibert, Triple Threat: NSO Group’s Pegasus Spyware Returns in 2022 with a Trio of iOS 15 and iOS 16 Zero- Click Exploit Chains, Research Report No. 165, Citizen Lab, University of Toronto, April 18, 2023, https://citizenlab.ca/2023/04/nso-groups-pegasus-spyware-returnsin-2022/; John Scott-Railton, Bill Marczak, Bahr Abdul Razzak, Nicola Lawford, and Ron Deibert, “Armenia-Azerbaijan Conflict: Pegasus Infections—Technical Brief [1],” Citizen Lab, University of Toronto, May 25, 2023, https://citizenlab.ca/2023/05/cr1-armenia-pegasus/ (archive: perma.cc/32FH-9W9L); John Scott-Railton, Bill Marczak, Bahr Abdul Razzak, Siena Anstis, and Ron Deibert, “Spyware Targeting against Serbian Civil Society,” Citizen Lab, University of Toronto, November 28, 2023, https://citizenlab.ca/2023/11/serbia-civil-society-spyware/.

  36. Dustin Volz and Tim Higgins, “Apple Notified State Department Employees of Phone Hacking Linked to NSO Group Software,” Wall Street Journal, December 3, 2021, https://www.wsj.com/articles/apple-notified-state-department-employees-ofphone-hacking-linked-to-nso-group-software-11638568687.

  37. Office of Public Affairs, “Commerce Adds NSO Group and Other Foreign Compa- nies to Entity List for Malicious Cyber Activities,” press release, US Department of Commerce, November 3, 2021, https://www.commerce.gov/news/press-releases/2021/11/commerce-adds-nso-group-and-other-foreign-companies-entity-list (archive: perma.cc/PBD5-JDGB).

  38. Davide Scigliuzzo, “Israeli Spyware Firm NSO Seen at Risk of Default as Sales Drop,” Bloomberg, November 22, 2021, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles2021-11-22/israeli-spyware-firm-nso-seen-at-risk-of-default-as-sales-drop (archive: perma.cc/KGQ7-7SC8).

  39. Schectman and Bing, “Insight: How a Saudi Woman’s iPhone.”

  40. Alhathloul v. DarkMatter Grp., 3:21-cv-01787-IM (D. Or. Feb. 8, 2024).

  41. “Ex–U.S. Intel Operatives Who Worked for UAE Barred from Arms Exports, State Dept Says,” Reuters, August 26, 2022, https://www.reuters.com/world/statedept-concludes-settlements-with-ex-us-intel-operatives-who-worked-uae-202208-26/.

  42. Electronic Frontier Foundation, “Saudi Human Rights Activist, Represented by EFF, Sues Spyware Maker DarkMatter for Violating U.S. Anti-Hacking and Inter- national Human Rights Laws,” press release, December 9, 2021, https://www.eff.org/press/releases/saudi-human-rights-activist-represented-eff-sues-spywaremaker-darkmatter-violating.