CHAPTER 19: FIGHT THE FUTURE

  1. Jim Heintz and Dasha Litvinova, “Russia Outlaws Top Independent News Site in Latest Crackdown,” Associated Press, January 26, 2023, https://apnews.com/article/politics-russia-government-moscow-business-law-enforcement132f628bb3eeb1d038cfd3fe835f4af2.

  2. “Pegasus Infection of Galina Timchenko, Exiled Russian Journalist and Publisher,”Citizen Lab, University of Toronto, September 13, 2023, https://citizenlab.ca/202309/pegasus-infection-of-galina-timchenko-exiled-russian-journalist-and-publisher/ (archive: perma.cc/YG2C-MPJH).

  3. Andrei Soldatov, “Why Is Russia Not Using Pegasus Spyware?,” Moscow Times, July 21, 2021, https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2021/07/21/why-is-russia-not-usingpegasus-spyware-a74572 (archive: perma.cc/MBJ4-ZJVQ).

  4. Natalia Krapiva and Rand Hammoud, “Hacking Meduza: Pegasus Spyware Used to Target Putin’s Critic,” Access Now, September 13, 2023, https://www.accessnow.orgpublication/hacking-meduza-pegasus-spyware-used-to-target-putins-critic/.

  5. Andrew Roth, “Russian TV station in Latvia loses license over Ukraine war coverage,” Guardian, December 6, 2022, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022dec/06/rain-russian-tv-station-in-latvia-loses-licence-over-ukraine-war-coverage.

  6. Nicolas Camut, “We Should Monitor All Russians Living in the West, Czech Leader Says,” Politico, June 15, 2023, https://www.politico.eu/article/petr-pavel-russia-czech-republic-surveillance/ (archive: perma.cc/KT5N-UVK7).

  7. Krapiva and Hammoud, “Hacking Meduza.”

  8. “‘May Your Nits Not Sleep in Peace!’ Unidentified People Threatening iStories’ Journalists for More than Half a Year,” iStories, September 19, 2023, https://istoriesmedia/en/stories/2023/09/19/istories-journalists-threatening/.

  9. “What Happened in Israel? A Breakdown of How Hamas Attack Unfolded,” Al Jazeera, October 7, 2023, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/10/7/what-hap pened-in-israel-a-breakdown-of-how-the-hamas-attack-unfolded; Daniel Byman, Riley McCabe, Alexander Palmer, Catrina Doxsee, Mackenzie Holtz, and Delaney Duff, “Hamas’s October 7 Attack: Visualizing the Data,” Center for Strategic and International Studies, December 19, 2023, https://www.csis.org/analysis/hamass-october-7-attack-visualizing-data (archive: perma.cc/9HLG-D4UL).

  10. Byman et al., “Hamas’s October 7 Attack.”

  11. “Israel Revises Down Toll from October 7 Attack to ‘Around 1,200,’” Al Jazeera, November 10, 2023, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/11/10/israel-revisesdeath-toll-from-october-7-hamas-attack-to-1200-people; Lauren Fryer, “Israel Revises Down Its Death Toll from the Oct. 7 Hamas Attacks to About 1,200,” NPR, November 11, 2023, https://www.npr.org/2023/11/11/1212458974/israel-revisesdeath-toll-hamas-attacks-oct-7 (archive: perma.cc/JG3Y-D3H4).

  12. Cassandra Vinograd and Isabel Kershner, “Israel’s Attackers Took about 240 Hostages. Here’s What to Know about Them,” New York Times, November 20, 2023, https://www.nytimes.com/article/israel-hostages-hamas-explained.html.

  13. Sheera Frenkel and Steven Lee Myers, “Hamas Seeds Violent Videos on Sites with Little Moderation,” New York Times, October 10, 2023, https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/10/technology/hamas-violent-videos-online.html.

  14. Justin Salhani, “Did Israel’s Overreliance on Tech Cause October 7 Intelligence Failure?,” Al Jazeera, December 9, 2023, https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2023/12/9/did-israels-overreliance-on-tech-cause-october-7-intelligence-failure (archive: perma.cc/B3DU-B3SM).

  15. Haleigh Bartos and John Chin, “What Went Wrong? Three Hypotheses on Israel’s Massive Intelligence Failure,” Modern War Institute, October 31, 2023, https://mwi.westpoint.edu/what-went-wrong-three-hypotheses-on-israels-massiveintelligence-failure/.16 (archive: perma.cc/2DTT-8CRX). Peter Beaumont, “Israeli Intelligence Leak Details Extent of Warnings over Hamas Attack,” Guardian, November 28, 2023, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023nov/28/israeli-military-had-warning-of-hamas-training-for-attack-reports-say.

  16. Bartos and Chin, “What Went Wrong?”

  17. Ronen Bergman, Mark Mazzetti, and Maria Abi-Habib, “How Years of Israeli Failures on Hamas Led to a Devastating Attack,” New York Times, October 29, 2023, https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/29/world/middleeast/israel-intelligence-hamasattack.html; Mehul Srivastava, “Israeli Intelligence ‘Dismissed’ Detailed Warning of Hamas Raid,” Financial Times, November 23, 2023, https://www.ft.com/content/277573ae-fbbc-4396-8faf-64b73ab8ed0a (archive: perma.cc/AJQ3-EHRD).

  18. Brian Osgood and Adam Muro, “Israel War on Gaza Updates: Gaza Becoming ‘Uninhabitable’—UN Official,” Al Jazeera, January 5, 2024, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/1/5/israel-war-on-gaza-live-israel-attacks-bombard-khanyounis-rafah; “Maps: Tracking the Attacks in Israel and Gaza,” New York Times, https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/10/07/world/middleeast/israel-gaza-maps.html (archive: perma.cc/FV2D-2JW4).

  19. “Israel-Gaza War in Maps and Charts: Live Tracker,” Al Jazeera, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/longform/2023/10/9/israel-hamas-war-in-maps-and-charts-live-tracker.

  20. “Journalist Casualties in the Israel-Gaza War,” Committee to Protect Journalists, August 2, 2024, https://cpj.org/2024/08/journalist-casualties-in-the-israel-gaza-con flict/.

  21. “Israel Bombs al-Maghazi Refugee Camp, Killing Dozens, Gaza Officials Say,” Al Jazeera, November 5, 2023, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/11/5/israelbombs-al-maghazi-refugee-camp-killing-dozens-gaza-officials-say; “How Israel Has Destroyed Gaza’s Schools and Universities,” Al Jazeera, January 24, 2024, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/1/24/how-israel-has-destroyed-gazasschools-and-universities; Alessandra Bajec, “Israel’s War on Hospitals in Gaza,”ew Arab, https://www.newarab.com/analysis/israels-war-hospitals-gaza (archive: perma.cc/3MMH-U2HZ).

  22. “Netanyahu Deletes ‘Racist’ Tweet on Palestinian ‘Children of Darkness’ after Hospital Massacre,” New Arab, October 18, 2023, https://www.newarab.com/news/netanyahu-deletes-palestinian-children-darkness-tweet (archive: perma.cc/25AN-YFPW); Megan K. Stack, “I’ve Been under Bombardment. There Must Be a Cease-Fire in Gaza,” New York Times, October 30, 2023, https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/30/opinion/ceasefire-israelgaza-bombardment.html.

  23. Raffi Berg, “What Is South Africa’s Genocide Case against Israel at the ICJ?,” BBC, May 24, 2024, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-67922346 (archive: perma.cc/L5J6-HQ8U); “Has Israel Complied with ICJ Order in Gaza Genocide Case?,” Al Jazeera, February 26, 2024, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/2/26/has-israel-complied-with-icjorder-in-gaza-genocide-case.

  24. Office of the Prosecutor, “Statement of ICC Prosecutor Karim A.A. Khan KC: Applications for Arrest Warrants in the Situation in the State of Palestine,” Inter- national Criminal Court, May 20, 2024, https://www.icc-cpi.int/news/statement-iccprosecutor-karim-aa-khan-kc-applications-arrest-warrants-situation-state.

  25. Harry Davies, “Revealed: Israeli Spy Chief ‘Threatened’ ICC Prosecutor over WarCrimes Inquiry,” Guardian, May 28, 2024, https://www.theguardian.com/world/article/2024/may/28/israeli-spy-chief-icc-prosecutor-war-crimes-inquiry (archive: perma.cc/8L4P-RV29).

  26. “About Apple Threat Notifications and Protecting against Mercenary Spyware,” Apple Support, April 10, 2024, https://support.apple.com/en-us/102174 (archive: perma.cc/R7U5-JMT2).

  27. “Digital Security Helpline,” Access Now, accessed June 1, 2024, https://www.accessnow.org/help/ (archive: perma.cc/N2US-2DTE).

  28. John Scott-Railton, Bill Marczak, Paolo Nigro Herrero, Bahr Abdul Razzak, Noura al-Jizawi, Salvatore Solimano, and Ron Deibert, Project Torogoz: Extensive Hacking of Media & Civil Society in El Salvador with Pegasus Spyware, Research Report No. 148, Citizen Lab, University of Toronto, January 12, 2022, https://citizenlab.ca/2022/01/project-torogoz-extensive-hacking-media-civil-society-el-salvador-pegasus-spyware/ (archive: perma.cc/TDY7-CNKK); John Scott-Railton, Bill Marczak, Irene Poetranto, Bahr Abdul Razzak, Sutawan Chanprasert, and Ron Deibert, GeckoSpy: Pegasus Spyware Used against Thai- land’s Pro-Democracy Movement, Research Report No. 157, Citizen Lab, University of Toronto, July 17, 2022, https://citizenlab.ca/2022/07/geckospy-pegasus-spyware-used-against-thailands-pro-democracy-movement/ (archive: perma.cc/Q8XX-P56P).

  29. “About Lockdown Mode,” Apple Support, January 10, 2024, https://support.applecom/en-us/105120.

  30. “Apple Expands Industry-Leading Commitment to Protect Users from Highly Targeted Mercenary Spyware,” Apple Newsroom, updated July 6, 2022, https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2022/07/apple-expands-commitment-to-protect-users-from-mercenary-spyware/ (archive: perma.cc/J6KA-X2QQ).

  31. “About the Dignity and Justice Fund,” Ford Foundation, accessed June 1, 2024, https://www.fordfoundation.org/work/our-grants/about-the-dignity-and-justice-fund/ (archive: perma.cc/TPA3-6MNV).

  32. “Apple Expands Industry-Leading Commitment.”

  33. David E. Sanger, Nicole Perlroth, Ana Swanson, and Ronen Bergman, “U.S. Black- lists Israeli Firm NSO Group over Spyware,” New York Times, November 3, 2021, https://www.nytimes.com/2021/11/03/business/nso-group-spyware-blacklist.html.

  34. Bill Marczak, John Scott-Railton, Astrid Perry, Noura al-Jizawi, Siena Anstis, Zoe Panday, Emma Lyon, Bahr Abdul Razzak, and Ron Deibert, Sweet QuaDreams: A First Look at Spyware Vendor QuaDream’s Exploits, Victims, and Customers, Research Report No. 164, Citizen Lab, University of Toronto, April 11, 2023, https://citizenlab.ca2023/04/spyware-vendor-quadream-exploits-victims-customers/.

  35. Omer Kabir and Meir Orbach, “Offensive Cyber Company QuaDream Shutting Down amidst Spyware Accusations,” CTech, April 16, 2023, https://www.calcalistechcom/ctechnews/article/hy78kiym2.

  36. US Department of State, “The United States Adds Foreign Companies to Entity List for Malicious Cyber Activities,” press release, July 18, 2023, https://www.state.gov/the-united-states-adds-foreign-companies-to-entity-list-for-malicious-cyberactivities-2/.

  37. US Department of the Treasury, “Treasury Sanctions Members of the Intellexa Commercial Spyware Consortium,” press release, March 5, 2024, https://hometreasury.gov/news/press-releases/jy2155.

  38. White House, “Fact Sheet: President Biden Signs Executive Order to Prohibit U.S. Government Use of Commercial Spyware That Poses Risks to National Security,” March 27, 2023, https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2023/03/27/fact-sheet-president-biden-signs-executive-order-to-prohibit-u-s-government-use-of-commercial-spyware-that-poses-risks-to-national-security/ (archive: perma.cc/RY66-VR9Q).

  39. Alex Boutilier, “Canada to Back Biden Administration’s Limits on ‘Mercenary’ Spyware Tools,” Global News, March 30, 2023, https://globalnews.ca/news/9589163/canada-biden-spyware-limits/ (archive: perma.cc/AR5X-RRQM).

  40. White House, “Joint Statement on Efforts to Counter the Proliferation and Misuse of Commercial Spyware,” March 18, 2024, https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2024/03/18/joint-statement-on-efforts-to-counter-the-proliferation-and-misuse-of-commercial-spyware/ (archive: perma.cc/399T-CSWQ).

  41. Communications Security Establishment Canada, “Canada Joins International Security Partners in Release of Advisory, Guidance on Growing Cyber Security Threat to Civil Society,” Government of Canada, May 14, 2024, https://www.canada.ca/en/communications-security/news/2024/05/canada-joins-international-security-partners-in-release-of-advisory-guidance-on-growing-cyber-security-threat-to-civil-society.html (archive: perma.cc/3VB5-KLAD).

  42. Shaun Walker, “Poland Launches Inquiry into Previous Government’s Spyware Use,” Guardian, April 1, 2024, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/apr/01/poland-launches-inquiry-into-previous-governments-spyware-use (archive: perma.cc/G2GC-UUP9); “Spain Closes Pegasus Investigation over ‘Lack of Cooperation’ from Israel,” Guardian, July 10, 2023, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jul/10/spain-closes-pegasus-investigation-over-lack-of-cooperation-from-israel (archive: perma.cc/D22K-MT4R).

  43. Andrew Higgins, “Donald Tusk Chosen as Poland’s Prime Minister after Rival Is Rejected,” New York Times, December 11, 2023, https://www.nytimes.com/2023/1211/world/europe/poland-donald-tusk-government.html; “Spain’s Socialists Reach Gov’t Coalition Deal with Hard-Left Sumar Party,” Al Jazeera, October 24, 2023, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/10/24/spains-socialists-reach-govt-coalition-deal-with-hard-left-sumar-party (archive: perma.cc/C2X5-C8XN).

  44. Davide Scigliuzzo, “Blacklisted Pegasus Spyware Firm Shunned by Wall Street, Too,” Bloomberg, November 12, 2021, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles2021-11-12/spyware-firm-nso-group-drops-deeper-into-distress-after-ceo-exit (archive: perma.cc/LLW5-VRR3).

  45. Eliza Ronalds-Hannon and Davide Scigliuzzo, “Israel’s Pegasus Spyware Maker Takes Drastic Measures to Survive Global Scandal,” Bloomberg, November 4, 2022, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-11-04/israel-s-nso-takes-drasticmeasures-to-survive-spyware-scandal (archive: perma.cc/V38W-D9J9).

  46. Kaye Wiggins, “NSO Group Deemed ‘Valueless’ to Private Equity Backers,” Finan- cial Times, April 11, 2022, https://www.ft.com/content/24584247-0fd4-4826-bcac-f726ad17af58 (archive: perma.cc/ZB5G-CR39).

  47. “Defense Ministry Said to Freeze Export Licenses for Israeli ‘Cyberattack’ Tech,”imes of Israel, February 5, 2022, https://www.timesofisrael.com/defense-ministrysaid-to-freeze-export-licenses-for-israeli-cyberattack-tech/.

  48. Patrick Kingsley and Isabel Kershner, “Israel Protests: Israeli Lawmakers Debate Judicial Overhaul Late into Night,” New York Times, July 23, 2023, https://www.nytimes.com/live/2023/07/23/world/israel-protests.50 (archive: perma.cc/H4NB-DJHA). Yonette Joseph and Patrick Kingsley, “Netanyahu Will Return with Corruption Charges Unresolved. Here’s Where the Case Stands,” New York Times, November 3, 2022, https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/03/world/middleeast/netanyahu-corruptioncharges-israel.html.

  49. Isabel Kershner and Patrick Kingsley, “What’s Next for Israel’s Judicial Overhaul?,”ew York Times, September 13, 2023, https://www.nytimes.com/article/israeljudicial-overhaul-vote.html.

  50. Anna Gordon, “What Israelis Think of the War with Hamas,” Time, November 10, 2023, https://time.com/6333781/israel-hamas-poll-palestine/ (archive: perma.cc/865K-A9LZ); Tamar Hermann and Or Anabi, “Even on the Right, Israelis Want Elections Immediately After the War,” Israel Democracy Institute, December 19, 2023, https://en.idi.org.il/articles/51872 (archive: perma.cc/552F-XE4J).

  51. Emma Goldberg, “Some Israeli Journalists Express Fear about Conveying Dissenting Views,” New York Times, October 21, 2023, https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/21business/media/israel-journalists-hamas-war.html.

  52. “Israeli Ministers Join Gathering Calling for Resettlement of Gaza,” Al Jazeera, January 29, 2024, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/1/29/israeli-ministers-join-gathering-calling-for-rebuilding-settlements-in-gaza (archive: perma.cc/GAE8-N26V).

  53. Yuliya Chernova, “Ex-CEO of NSO Group Raises $33.6 Million for Israeli Cyber Startup,” Wall Street Journal, November 21, 2023, https://www.wsj.com/articles/exceo-of-nso-group-raises-33-6-million-for-israeli-cyber-startup-ae8e7399.

  54. Chernova, “Ex-CEO of NSO Group.”

  55. Chernova, “Ex-CEO of NSO Group.”

  56. Vas Panagiotopoulos, “Notorious Spyware Maker NSO Group Is Quietly Plotting a Comeback,” Wired, January 24, 2024, https://www.wired.com/story/nso-group-lobbying-israel-hamas-war/ (archive: perma.cc/YCB6-E9NE).

  57. Between a Hack and a Hard Place: How Pegasus Spyware Crushes Civic Space in Jordan, Access Now, February 1, 2024, https://www.accessnow.org/publication/between-a-hack-and-a-hard-place-how-pegasus-spyware-crushes-civic-space-in-jordan/ (archive: perma.cc/UU3U-QHQV).

  58. Knight First Amendment Institute, “El Faro Journalists, Knight Institute Urge Court to Deny Motion to Dismiss Case against Spyware Manufacturer,” press release, May 19, 2023, http://knightcolumbia.org/content/el-faro-journalists-knight-institute-urge-court-to-deny-motion-to-dismiss-case-against-spyware-manufacturer (archive: perma.cc/6DZJ-GVCE); Suzanne Smalley, “Federal Judge Rejects NSO’s Effort to Dismiss Apple’s Pegasus Lawsuit,” Record, January 24, 2024, https://therecord.media/judge-rejects-nso-effort-to-dismiss-apple-lawsuit (archive: perma.cc/Q43S-DVN2); Joseph Menn, “Apple Seeks to Drop its Lawsuit Against Israeli Spyware Pioneer NSO,” Washington Post, September 13, 2024, https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2024/09/13/apple-lawsuit-nsopegasus-spyware/; Harry Davies and Stephanie Kirchgaessner, “Israel Tried to Frus- trate US Lawsuit Over Pegasus Spyware, Leak Suggests,” Guardian, July 25, 2024, https://www.theguardian.com/news/article/2024/jul/25/israel-tried-to-frustrateus-lawsuit-over-pegasus-spyware-leak-suggests.

  59. WhatsApp Inc. v. NSO Group Technologies Limited, 4:19-cv-07123 (ND Cal. Jan. 18, 2024), ECF No. 265, https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/16395340/265/5/whatsapp-inc-v-nso-group-technologies-limited/ (archive: perma.cc/2X6E-Y2TH).

  60. WhatsApp Inc. v. NSO Group Technologies Limited, 4:19-cv-07123 (ND Cal. Jan. 18, 2024), Foreign Non-Party the Citizen Lab’s Proposed Opposition to Defen-dants’ Motion for Issuance of Letter Rogatory, March 28, 2024, https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.cand.350613/gov.uscourts.cand.350613.294.2.pdf (archive: perma.cc/DFC6-H9NV).

  61. Maggie Haberman and Jonathan Swan, “Trump Had Good Fortune So Far with His Four Cases. Then Came a Verdict,” New York Times, May 30, 2024, https://www.nytimes.com/2024/05/30/us/politics/trump-verdict-analysis.html (archive: perma.cc/9J8N-3EZ4); Lazaro Gamio, Karen Yourish, Matthew Haag, Jonah E. Bromwich, Maggie Haberman, and K. K. Rebecca Lai, “The Trump Manhattan Criminal Verdict, Count by Count,” New York Times, May 30, 2024, https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2024/05/30/nyregiontrump-hush-money-verdict.html.

  62. Antoaneta Roussi, “How Europe Became the Wild West of Spyware,” Politico, October 25, 2023, https://www.politico.eu/article/how-europe-became-wild-west-spyware/ (archive: perma.cc/7WZJ-9M2A).

  63. Lorenzo Franceschi-Bicchierai, “Spyware Startup Variston Is Losing Staff—Some Say It’s Closing,” TechCrunch, February 15, 2024, https://techcrunch.com/2024/02/15/variston-spyware-losing-staff-some-say-closing/ (archive: perma.cc/3WP7-M37H).

  64. Bryan Fogel, dir., The Dissident, 2020; San Francisco, CA: Vertical Entertainment; Kanopy, 2021. Online video.