CHAPTER 6: “HOW OFTEN DO YOU PRAY?”

  1. Bill Hicks, “From Torture Victim to Human Rights Student,” BBC, October 17, 2017, www.bbc.com/news/business-41639458 (archive: perma.cc/7S63-AZDZ ); Melissa Petro, “After Surviving Torture, Noura al-Jizawi Is Fighting for Other Syrian Prisoners,” Vice, January 6, 2017, www.ice.com/en/article/gyxgaw/noura-al-jizawi-profile-syrian-female-prisoners.

  2. John Scott-Railton, Bahr Abdul Razzak, Adam Hulcoop, Matt Brooks, and Katie Kleemola, Group5: Syria and the Iranian Connection, Research Report No. 76, Citizen Lab, University of Toronto, August 2, 2016, citizenlab.ca/2016/08/group5-syria/ (archive: perma.cc/2V4Y-TG2U).

  3. David D. Kirkpatrick, “Israeli Software Helped Saudis Spy on Khashoggi, Lawsuit Says,” New York Times, December 2, 2018, www.nytimes.com/2018/12/02/worldmiddleeast/saudi-khashoggi-spyware-israel.html.

  4. Ed Pilkington, “Harvey Weinstein Hired Black Cube to Block New York Timesrticle, Jury Hears,” Guardian, January 30, 2020, https://www.theguardian.com/film/2020/jan/30/harvey-weinstein-black-cube-new-york-times (archive: perma.cc/KUN5-TZLD).

  5. Raphael Satter, “A Conversation with a Spy,” Associated Press, www.documentcloud.org/documents/6426634-John-Scott-Railton-s-Conversation-with-Michel#document/ .

  6. Adam Entous and Ronan Farrow, “Private Mossad for Hire,” New Yorker, February 11, 2019, www.newyorker.com/magazine/2019/02/18/private-mossad-for-hire (archive: perma.cc/R8L2-UJNP ); Ronald. Deibert, “Subversion Inc: The Age of Private Espionage,” Journal of Democracy 33, no. 2 (April 2022): 28–44, https://www.journalofdemocracy.org/articles/subversioninc-the-age-of-private-espionage/.

  7. (archive: perma.cc/65R6-38L7 ). Hagar Shezaf and Yaniv Kubovich, “Israeli Army Conducted Online Psy-Op against Israeli Public during Gaza War,” Haaretz, March 22, 2023, www.haaretz.com/israelnews/security-aviation/2023-03-22/ty-article-magazine/.premium/israeli-armyconducted-online-psy-op-against-israeli-public-during-gaza-war/00000186-f972df90-a19e-f9fff22a0000.

  8. Mike Dvilyanski, David Agranovich, and Nathaniel Gleicher, “Threat Report on the Surveillance-for-Hire Industry,” Meta, December 16, 2021, about.fb.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Threat-Report-on-the-Surveillance-for-Hire-Industry.pdf (archive: perma.cc/W7P8-UMH5).

  9. Naomi Nix, “Meta to Begin Fresh Layoffs, Cutting Heavily among Business Staff,”ashington Post, May 23, 2023, https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/202305/23/meta-layoffs-misinformation-facebook-instagram/.

  10. John Scott-Railton, Adam Hulcoop, Bahr Abdul Razzak, Bill Marczak, Siena Anstis, and Ron Deibert, Dark Basin: Uncovering a Massive Hack-for-Hire Operation, Research Report No. 128, Citizen Lab, University of Toronto, June 9, 2020, citizenlab.ca/2020/06/dark-basin-uncovering-a-massive-hack-for-hire-operation/ .

  11. Adam Hulcoop, John Scott-Railton, Peter Tanchak, Matt Brooks, and Ron Deibert, Tainted Leaks: Disinformation and Phishing with a Russian Nexus, Research Report No. 92, Citizen Lab, University of Toronto, May 25, 2017, citizenlab.ca/2017/05/tainted-leaks-disinformation-phish/ (archive: perma.cc/4EKM-Y8NB).

  12. Spencer Walrath, “Activists Now Suggest Exxon Is Responsible for . . . a Global Hacking Ring?,” EID Climate (blog), June 10, 2020, https://eidclimate.org/activists-now-suggest-exxon-is-responsible-for-a-global-hacking-ring/ (archive: perma.cc/9CJZ-N9T5 ); Emily Holden, “Hack-for-hire group targeted climate activists behind #ExxonKnew campaign,” Guardian, June 11, 2020, https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2020/jun/11exxon-hack-for-hire-climate-activists-campaign.

  13. Jasper Jolly, “Covert Cameras and Alleged Hacking: How Bust Payments Company Wirecard ‘Hired Spies and Lawyers to Silence Critics,’” Guardian, March 4, 2023, www.theguardian.com/business/2023/mar/04/covert-cameras-alleged-hacking-how-bust-payments-company-wirecard-hired-spies-lawyers-silence-critics (archive: perma.cc/QR76-BRSS ); see also Zatarra Research & Investigations, viceroyresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/final-main-report-zatarra-edited-3.pdf .

  14. Dan McCrum, “Wirecard and Me: Dan McCrum on Exposing a Criminal Enter- prise,” Financial Times, September 3, 2020, https://www.ft.com/content/745e34a1-0ca7-432c-b062-950c20e41f03 (archive: perma.cc/63NT-SYE2).

  15. Kate Connolly, “Ex-Wirecard CEO Arrested on Suspicion of Falsifying Accounts,”uardian, June 23, 2020, www.theguardian.com/business/2020/jun/23/former-wirecard-ceo-markus-braun-arrested-in-germany (archive: perma.cc/Z8GZ-4SPF ); “Wirecard: Scandal-Hit Firm Files for Insolvency,” BBC, June 25, 2020, https://www.bbc.com/news/business-53176003 (archive: perma.cc/6G5J-DK9A).

  16. Olaf Storbeck, “German Spies Shunned Offer to Meet Wirecard Fugitive Jan Marsalek in Moscow,” Financial Times, April 13, 2022, www.ft.com/content/5ba4eedc-992e-4e64-9bb1-9d81b379ea00 (archive: perma.cc/6TYB-WPYL).

  17. Helen Warrell, Sam Jones, and Paul Murphy, “From Payments to Armaments: The Double Life of Wirecard’s Jan Marsalek,” Financial Times, July 10, 2020, www.ft.comcontent/511ecf86-ab40-486c-8f76-b8ebda4cc669.

  18. Paul Murphy, “Wirecard Critics Targeted in London Spy Operation,” Financial Times, December 11, 2019, www.ft.com/content/d94c938e-1a84-11ea-97df-cc63de1d73f4 (archive: perma.cc/8ZFF-P9DB).

  19. Murphy, “Wirecard Critics Targeted in London.”

  20. Christo Grozev, “World’s Most Wanted Man Jan Marsalek Located in Belarus; Data Points to Russian Intel Links,” Bellingcat, July 18, 2020, https://www.bellingcat.com/news/uk-and-europe/2020/07/18/worlds-most-wanted-man-jan-marsaleklocated-in-belarus-data-points-to-russian-intel-links/.

  21. Sam Jones, “Wirecard Fugitive Helped Run Russian Spy Operations across Europe,” Financial Times, April 5, 2024, https://www.ft.com/content/c3b50060-aa53-40fd-a698-579e8e1ae67d (archive: perma.cc/M47G-4GVM ); Jörg Diehl et al., “An Agent for Russia? The Double Life of the Former Wirecard Executive Jan Marsalek,” Der Spiegel, March 5, 2024, https://www.spiegel.de/international/business/jan-marsalek-an-agent-for-russia-the-double-life-of-the-former-wirecard-executive-a-7e667c03-6690-41e6-92ad-583d94ba97e0 (archive: perma.cc/4F47-JWF3).

  22. Warrell, Jones, and Murphy, “From Payments to Armaments.”

  23. Ben Taub, “How the Biggest Fraud in German History Unravelled,” New Yorker, February 27, 2023, https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2023/03/06/how-the-biggest-fraud-in-german-history-unravelled (archive: perma.cc/94GG-UYR6).

  24. Matthew Karnitschnig, “Putin’s Hijacked Austria’s Spy Service. Now He’s Going after Its Government,” Politico, May 24, 2024, https://www.politico.eu/article/vladimir-putin-austria-spy-service-bvt-government-intelligence-wirecard-jan-marsalek-freedom-party/ (archive: perma.cc/J2QN-LAMA).

  25. Michael Copley and Jeff Brady, “Private Detective Who Led a Hacking Attack against Climate Activists Gets Prison Time,” NPR, November 16, 2023, https://www.pr.org/2023/11/16/1213320496/azari-israeli-private-detective-hacking-climatechange-activists-exxonmobil (archive: perma.cc/CZ2V-XBYD).

  26. “BellTrox Affair Scares Corporate Intelligence World,” Intelligence Online, June 24, 2020, https://www.intelligenceonline.com/corporate-intelligence_corridors-ofpower/2020/06/24/belltrox-affair-scares-corporate-intelligence-world,109240236gra.

  27. US Attorney’s Office, Southern District of New York, “Israeli Hacker-for-Hire Sentenced to 80 Months in Prison for Involvement in Massive Spearphishing Campaign,” press release, November 16, 2023, https://www.justice.gov/usao-sdny/pr/israeli-hacker-hire-sentenced-80-months-prison-involvement-massive-spearphishing (archive: perma.cc/W2YB-J3XJ ); Joe Miller, “Wirecard Hacker Sentenced to 80 Months in Prison,”inancial Times, November 16, 2023, https://www.ft.com/content/5557859d-6eb8-4ccd-a78f-ec252f4e64ac (archive: perma.cc/BRH8-2D8Z).

  28. Sam Tobin, “Israeli Private Eye Arrested in London over Alleged Hacking for US Firm,” Reuters, May 2, 2024, https://www.reuters.com/world/israeli-private-eyearrested-uk-over-alleged-hacking-us-pr-firm-2024-05-02/.

  29. Raphael Satter and Christopher Bing, “Israeli Private Eye Accused of Hacking Was Questioned about DC Public Affairs Firm, Sources Say,” Reuters, May 24, 2024, https://www.reuters.com/world/israeli-private-eye-accused-hacking-was-questionedabout-dc-public-affairs-firm-2024-05-24/ ; Christopher M. Matthews, BradleyHope, and Jenny Strasburg, “U.S. Prosecutors Probe Global Hacking-for-Hire Operation,” Wall Street Journal, June 4, 2024, https://www.wsj.com/business/u-sprosecutors-probe-global-hacking-for-hire-operation-75ab73e7.

  30. Shaun Waterman, “CIA Spying on Assange ‘Illegally’ Swept Up US Lawyers, Journalists: Lawsuit,” Newsweek, August 15, 2022, https://www.newsweek.com/ciaspying-assange-illegally-swept-us-lawyers-journalists-lawsuit-1731570 (archive: perma.cc/2Y77-Q2KY).

  31. Waterman, “CIA Spying on Assange.”

  32. José María Irujo, “Spanish Company That Spied on Assange Allegedly Informed CIA about Meetings Held by Latin American Leaders,” El País, July 18, 2023, https://english.elpais.com/international/2023-07-18/spanish-company-that-spied-on-assange-allegedly-informed-cia-about-meetings-held-by-latin-american-leaders.html (archive: perma.cc/7X74-PMHV ); José María Irujo, “A Spanish Company and the CIA Found Guilty of Violating Rights of Julian Assange’s Visitors,” El País, December 22, 2023, https://english.elpais.com/international/2023-12-22/a-spanish-company-and-the-ciafound-guilty-of-violating-rights-of-julian-assanges-visitors.html . Charges are still pending at the time of writing.

  33. Leo Eiholzer and Andreas Schmid, “‘Project Merciless’: How Qatar Spied on the World of Football in Switzerland,” SWI Swissinfo.ch (archive: perma.cc/4JMX-K8MS ), November 2, 2022, www.wissinfo.ch/eng/business/project-merciless-how-qatar-spied-on-the-world-offootball-in-switzerland/48022952.

  34. Leo Eiholzer, “Qatar Bugged Secret Meeting between Swiss Attorney General and FIFA President Infantino,” Neue Zürcher Zeitung, March 11, 2023, https://www.nzz.ch/english/qatar-wiretapped-federal-prosecutor-and-fifa-president-infantino-ld.1730044 (archive: perma.cc/TW4X-VUXB); Graham Dunbar, “Qatar Spied on Swiss Prosecutor, FIFA Boss Meeting,” Associated Press, March 12, 2023, https://apnews.com/article/soccer-fifa-qatar-spying-cia-world-cup-eef4838300a9f014acdcee0c38020d9f (archive: perma.cc/RD9K-85GG).

  35. Alan Suderman, “FBI Probing Ex-CIA Officer’s Spying for World Cup Host Qatar,” Associated Press, October 27, 2022, https://apnews.com/article/world-cup-technology-sports-soccer-religion-5af544d34cded38ff4093587d2efa0de (archive: perma.cc/PW93-XUYC).

  36. Eiholzer and Schmid, “‘Project Merciless.’”

  37. David D. Kirkpatrick, “A Confession Exposes India’s Secret Hacking Industry,” New Yorker, June 1, 2023, https://www.newyorker.com/news/annals-of-crime/a-confession-exposes-indias-secret-hacking-industry (archive: perma.cc/6YDH-UWAB).

  38. Raphael Satter and Christopher Bing, “How Mercenary Hackers Sway Litiga- tion Battles,” Reuters, June 30, 2022, https://www.reuters.com/investigates/specialreport/usa-hackers-litigation/.

  39. Christopher Bing and Raphael Satter, “How an Indian Startup Hacked the World,” Reuters, November 16, 2023, https://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-reportusa-hackers-appin/.

  40. Lachlan Cartwright, “Who Is Killing All These Stories about a Controversial Tech Mogul?,” Daily Beast, December 18, 2023, https://www.thedailybeast.com/who-is-killing-all-these-stories-about-rajat-khare-controversial-tech-mogul (archive: perma.cc/YR3F-YD4G).

  41. Lachlan Cartwright, “#MeToo ‘Media Assassins’ Clare Locke Still Repping Russian Oligarchs,” Daily Beast, March 15, 2022, https://www.thedailybeast.com/metoomedia-assassins-clare-locke-still-repping-russian-oligarchs.

  42. Ronald Deibert, “Jail Time for Private Detective,” Ronald Deibert, November 22, 2023, https://deibert.citizenlab.ca/2023/11/jail-time-for-private-detective/ (archive: perma.cc/RTF4-FNT9).

  43. Ronen Bergman and Scott Shane, “The Case of the Bumbling Spy: A Watchdog Group Gets Him on Camera,” New York Times, January 28, 2019, https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/28/world/black-cube-nso-citizen-lab-intelligence.html ; Raphael Satter, “Undercover Spy Exposed in NYC Was 1 of Many,” Associated Press, February 11, 2019, https://apnews.com/general-news-9bdbbfe0c8a2407aac14a1e995659de4 (archive: perma.cc/7YTK-DKCJ).

  44. “Darryl Levitt’s Court Filing,” Associated Press, February 21, 2019, https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/5750598-Darryl-Levitt-s-Court-Filing (archive: perma.cc/6SN4-ZPHG).

  45. Satter, “Undercover Spy Exposed in NYC.”

  46. Ronan Farrow, “The Black Cube Chronicles: The Private Investigators,” New Yorker, October 7, 2019, https://www.newyorker.com/news/annals-of-espionage/the-black-cube-chronicles-the-private-investigators (archive: perma.cc/CT7U-2XGE).

  47. Ronan Farrow, “How Democracies Spy on Their Citizens,” New Yorker, April 18, 2022, https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2022/04/25/how-democracies-spy-on-their-citizens (archive: perma.cc/HL54-QF7S).

  48. Stephanie Kirchgaessner and Harry Davies, “Private Equity Executive Sought to Undermine NSO Critics, Data Suggests,” Guardian, April 28, 2022, https:/www.theguardian.com/world/2022/apr/28/private-equity-executive-sought-toundermine-nso-critics-data-suggests.

  49. Bill Curry and Colin Freeze, “Ties to ‘Harmful’ Spyware Company Bring Crit- icism of Ottawa Adviser on Internet Regulation,” Globe and Mail, May 10, 2022, https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-ottawa-internet-regulation-expert-nso-group-spyware/ (archive: perma.cc/B9CE-D4KP).

  50. Kirchgaessner and Davies, “Private Equity Executive Sought to Undermine.”