CHAPTER 12: ANARCHY IN THE UNITED KINGDOM

  1. Bill Marczak and John Scott-Railton, Move Fast and Roll Your Own Crypto: A Quick Look at the Confidentiality of Zoom Meetings, Research Report No. 126, Citizen Lab, University of Toronto, April 3, 2020, https://citizenlab.ca/2020/04/move-fast-roll-your-own-crypto-a-quick-look-at-the-confidentiality-of-zoom-meetings/ (archive: perma.cc/FE6T-LBCG).

  2. US Federal Trade Commission, “FTC Requires Zoom to Enhance Its Security Practices as Part of Settlement,” press release, November 9, 2020, https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2020/11/ftc-requires-zoom-enhance-its-security-practices-part-settlement (archive: perma.cc/34UG-NHD6).

  3. Stephanie Kirchgaessner, “Jeff Bezos Hack: Amazon Boss’s Phone ‘Hacked by Saudi Crown Prince,’” Guardian, January 22, 2020, https://www.theguardian.comtechnology/2020/jan/21/amazon-boss-jeff-bezoss-phone-hacked-by-saudi-crownprince.

  4. Kim Zetter and Joseph Cox, “Here Is the Technical Report Suggesting Saudi Arabia’s Prince Hacked Jeff Bezos’ Phone,” Vice, January 22, 2020, https://www.vice.com/en/article/v74v34/saudi-arabia-hacked-jeff-bezos-phone-technical-report.

  5. David Brown, “Cherie Blair Is Adviser to NSO, the Firm behind Pegasus Spyware,”imes (UK), October 7, 2021, https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/cherie-blair-isadviser-to-nso-the-firm-behind-pegasus-spyware-rjdhhvr2s (archive: perma.cc/GVZ3-5NA7).

  6. “Al Maktoum Judgments,” Courts and Tribunals Judiciary, October 6, 2021, https://www.judiciary.uk/judgments/al-maktoum-judgments/ (archive: perma.cc/C3JY-GSTJ).

  7. Frank Gardner, “Dubai’s Sheikh Mohammed Abducted Daughters and Threatened Wife—UK Court,” BBC, March 5, 2020, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middleeast-51756984; “Profile,” HRH Princess Haya Bint Al Hussein, September 30, 2005, https://web.archive.org/web/20050930232238/http:/princesshaya.net/profileshtm.

  8. Katie Thomas, “Princess Shakes Up Equestrian World,” New York Times, September 24, 2010, https://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/25/sports/25horses.html; Frank Gardner, “Princess Haya: Dubai Ruler Had Ex-Wife’s Phone Hacked—UK Court,” BBC, October 6, 2021, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-58814978 (archive: perma.cc/RVU5-ZM5H); Vivian Yee and David D. Kirkpatrick, “Princess Haya, Wife of Dubai’sRuler, Seeks Refuge in London,” New York Times, July 2, 2019, https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/02/world/middleeast/princess-haya-sheikh-mohammed-bin.html.

  9. Vanessa Grigoriadis, “‘You’re Essentially a Prisoner’: Why Do Dubai’s Princesses Keep Trying to Escape?,” Vanity Fair, February 20, 2020, https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2019/11/why-do-dubais-princesses-keep-trying-to-escape.

  10. Joshua Hammer, “The Runaway Princesses of Dubai,” Town & Country, January 4, 2022, https://www.townandcountrymag.com/society/money-and-power/a29848986dubai-princess-disappearance-divorce/ (archive: perma.cc/P92R-5RUS).

  11. Bill Bostock, “UK Court Orders Sheikh Mohammed to Pay $734 Million Divorce Settlement to Princess Haya, Who Fled in 2019 after He Was Accused of Impris- oning His Daughter,” Business Insider, December 21, 2021, https://www.business insider.com/princess-haya-wins-734m-settlement-divorce-sheikh-mohammed-flee2021-12.

  12. Mehul Srivastava and Jane Croft, “Dubai Ruler’s ‘Campaign of Fear and Intimida- tion’ against Princess Haya,” Financial Times, October 8, 2021, https://www.ft.com/content/752a36e9-6148-4d9c-87af-63d806a7d667.

  13. Gardner, “Dubai’s Sheikh Mohammed Abducted Daughters.”

  14. Sara Lieser, “British Court Confirms Validity of Threats to Princess Haya,” Chron- icle of the Horse, March 6, 2020, https://www.chronofhorse.com/article/british-courtconfirms-validity-of-threats-to-princess-haya/ (archive: perma.cc/X8LZ-8D9T).

  15. David Pegg and Paul Lewis, “Dubai Suspected after Princess Haya Listed in Leaked Pegasus Project Data,” Guardian, July 21, 2021, https://www.theguardian.comworld/2021/jul/21/dubai-suspected-after-princess-haya-listed-in-leaked-pegasusproject-data.

  16. Pegg and Lewis, “Dubai Suspected after Princess Haya Listed.”

  17. Jess Glass, “Hacking and House-Hunting: High Court Issues Rulings against Sheikh Mohammed,” Evening Standard, October 6, 2021, https://www.standard.co.uk/newsuk/princess-hacking-high-court-cherie-blair-court-of-appeal-b959185.html (archive: perma.cc/RAJ2-7HLR).

  18. Paul Waldie, “How Toronto’s Citizen Lab Uncovered the Hacking of Princess Haya,” Globe and Mail, October 11, 2021, https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-how-torontos-citizen-lab-uncovered-the-hacking-of-princess-haya/ (archive: perma.cc/3HB8-S5E5).

  19. Heidi Blake, “The Fugitive Princesses of Dubai,” New Yorker, May 1, 2023, https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2023/05/08/the-fugitive-princesses-of-dubai (archive: perma.cc/T2YQ-3DD9); Daniela Elser, “‘Never Seen Again’: Dubai Princess a ‘Prisoner’ 20 Years after Failed Attempt to Flee,” News.com.au, July 6, 2019, https://www.news.com.auentertainment/celebrity-life/royals/never-seen-again-dubai-princess-a-prisoner20-years-after-failed-attempt-to-flee/news-story/7d269e93cfa28b416f43e78f2 166c7b3.

  20. Elser, “‘Never Seen Again.’”

  21. Blake, “Fugitive Princesses of Dubai.”

  22. Crofton Black, “Spy Companies Using Channel Islands to Track Phones around the World,” Bureau of Investigative Journalism, December 16, 2020, https://www.thebureauinvestigates.com/stories/2020-12-16/spy-companies-using-channel-islands-to-track-phones-around-the-world (archive: perma.cc/XK6Y-D5QE).

  23. “Rayzone’s Interception Modus Operandi Exposed by Legal Cases,” IntelligenceOnline, January 21, 2021, https://www.intelligenceonline.com/surveillance—inter ception/2021/01/21/rayzone-s-interception-modus-operandi-exposed-by-legalcases,109636393-art.

  24. Tomer Ganon, “Israel Police Purchased New Surveillance Software without AG Approval,” CTech, May 29, 2023, https://www.calcalistech.com/ctechnews/articlebkq6eef8h; Ryan Gallagher, “Your Ad Data Is Now Powering Government Surveillance,” Bloomberg, May 10, 2023, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles2023-05-11/surveillance-company-turns-ad-data-into-government-tracking-tool (archive: perma.cc/3K8Z-2HZA).

  25. Black, “Spy Companies Using Channel Islands.”

  26. Black, “Spy Companies Using Channel Islands.”

  27. Kim Hjelmgaard and Kevin Johnson, “How the FBI Played a Role in the Capture of Princess Latifa of Dubai,” Yahoo News, July 12, 2021, https://www.yahoo.com/news/fbi-played-role-capture-princess-090042592.html (archive: perma.cc/N4SR-MYTK). Originally published as “Princess Latifa of Dubai Caught at Sea— and FBI Played Key Role,” USA Today, July 7, 2021, https://www.usatoday.com/indepth/news/2021/07/07/princess-latifa-dubai-caught-sea-and-fbi-played-key-role7584218002/.

  28. Hjelmgaard and Johnson, “How the FBI Played a Role.”

  29. Douglas Guilfoyle, “Maritime Law Enforcement Operations and Intelligence in an Age of Maritime Security,” International Law Studies 93 (2017), https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/ils/vol93/iss1/11 (archive: perma.cc/LG2W-2D3J).

  30. Blake, “Fugitive Princesses of Dubai.”

  31. Hjelmgaard and Johnson, “How the FBI Played a Role.”

  32. Waldie, “How Toronto’s Citizen Lab Uncovered the Hacking of Princess Haya.”

  33. Bob Chaundy, “Faces of the Week,” BBC, March 23, 2007, http://news.bbc.co.uk1/hi/magazine/6483785.stm.

  34. Timothy Smith, “WTF Tony Blair?,” openDemocracy, November 22, 2014, https:// www.opendemocracy.net/en/opendemocracyuk/wtf-tony-blair/; Robert Mendick, “£1.6m in the Bank for Cherie Blair’s Law Firm, Thanks to Advising ‘Dictatorships,’” Telegraph, February 27, 2016, https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/tony-blair12176182/1.6m-in-the-bank-for-Cherie-Blairs-law-firm-thanks-to-advisingdictatorships.html; Ian Black and Patrick Kingsley, “Tony Blair Accused of Conflict of Interests in Middle East,” Guardian, June 27, 2014, https://www.theguardian.compolitics/2014/jun/27/tony-blair-conflict-interests-middle-east; Jim Pickard and George Parker, “Tony Blair Shuts Down Advisory Firm That Made Him Millions,” Financial Times, September 20, 2016, https://archive.ph/iDTve (archive: perma.cc/H8J6-YBMY).

  35. “Blair Advising Saudis under $12m Deal with His Institute: Report,” Middle East Eye, July 22, 2018, https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/blair-advising-saudis-under-12m-deal-his-institute-report (archive: perma.cc/G6N3-TE3R).

  36. Randeep Ramesh, “Tony Blair Courted Chinese Leaders for Saudi Prince’s Oil Firm,” Guardian, April 28, 2016, https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/apr/28/tony-blair-chinese-leaders-saudi-princes-oil-firm-middle-east-envoy (archive: perma.cc/8Z8B-5CVS).

  37. Luke Harding, “Hillary Clinton Emails: Cherie Blair Lobbied for Qatari Crown Prince,” Guardian, September 1, 2015, https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2015sep/01/hillary-clinton-emails-cherie-blair-lobbied-qatari-royal-family.

  38. Oliver Bullough, Butler to the World: How Britain Helps the World’s Worst People Launder Money, Commit Crimes, and Get Away with Anything (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2022).

  39. Brown, “Cherie Blair Is Adviser to NSO.”

  40. Stephanie Kirchgaessner, “Ex–Obama Official Exits Israeli Spyware Firm amid Press Freedom Row,” Guardian, February 4, 2020, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/feb/04/ex-obama-official-juliette-kayyem-quits-israeli-spyware-firmamid-press-freedom-row.

  41. Gardner, “Princess Haya.”

  42. Ronan Farrow, “How Democracies Spy on Their Citizens,” New Yorker, April 18, 2022, https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2022/04/25/how-democracies-spy-on-their-citizens (archive: perma.cc/HL54-QF7S); see also Ron Deibert, “UK Government Officials Infected with Pegasus,” Citizen Lab, April 18, 2022, https://citizenlab.ca/2022/04/uk-government-officials-targeted-pegasus/ (archive: perma.cc/6Q89-WH4Y); Stephanie Kirchgaessner, “No 10 Suspected of Being Target of NSO Spyware Attack—Boris Johnson ‘Told,’” Guardian, April 18, 2022, https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2022/apr/18/no-10-suspected-of-being-target-of-nso-spyware-attack-boris-johnson (archive: perma.cc/CLU8-PE72).

  43. Lizzie Dearden, “Saudi Human Rights Activist Attacked by Men ‘Shouting about Crown Prince Mohammad bin Salman’ in London,” Independent, September 17, 2018, https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/saudi-arabia-human-rightsactivist-attacked-london-mbs-ghanem-al-dosari-show-a8538406.html (archive: perma.cc/67Y8-2YHK).

  44. Stephanie Kirchgaessner, “British Judge Rules Dissident Can Sue Saudi Arabia for Pegasus Hacking,” Guardian, August 19, 2022, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/aug/19/british-judge-rules-dissident-ghanem-almasarir-can-suesaudi-arabia-for-pegasus-hacking.

  45. Dearden, “Saudi Human Rights Activist Attacked.”

  46. Dearden, “Saudi Human Rights Activist Attacked.”

  47. Stephanie Kirchgaessner, “New Evidence Suggests Spyware Used to Surveil Emirati Activist Alaa al-Siddiq,” Guardian, September 24, 2021, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/sep/24/new-evidence-suggests-spyware-used-to-surveil-emiratiactivist-alaa-al-siddiq.

  48. Kirchgaessner, “New Evidence Suggests Spyware Used.”

  49. Kirchgaessner, “New Evidence Suggests Spyware Used.”

  50. Dominic Nicholls, “Death of ‘At Risk’ UAE Dissident Must Be Investigated, Police Urged,” Telegraph, June 20, 2021, https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2021/06/20/campaigners-call-probe-intoat-risk-uae-dissidents-death-rule/ (archive: perma.cc/64TC-BG9B).

  51. Nicholls, “Death of ‘At Risk’ UAE Dissident.”

  52. Kirchgaessner, “New Evidence Suggests Spyware Used.”

  53. Karrie Kehoe, “UK Moves to Clamp Down on Dirty Russian Money,” Interna- tional Consortium of Investigative Journalists, March 4, 2022, https://www.icij.org/investigations/fincen-files/uk-moves-to-clamp-down-on-dirty-russian-money.

  54. David Conn, Harry Davies, and Sam Cutler, “Revealed: The Huge British Property Empire of Sheikh Mohammed,” Guardian, April 14, 2021, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/apr/14/revealed-the-huge-british-property-empire-of-sheikh-mohammed (archive: perma.cc/82FP-6MJL).

  55. Dan Roan, “What Does Princess Latifa Case Mean for British Sport?,” BBC, February 18, 2021, https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-56119788 (archive: perma.cc/6LTZ-5ZYU).

  56. “Legal Case Launched against Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for Alleged Use of Spyware to Target Dissident,” Leigh Day, May 28, 2019, https://www.leighday.co.uk/news/news/2019-news/legal-case-launched-against-kingdom-of-saudi-arabia-foralleged-use-of-spyware-to-target-dissident/.

  57. Kirchgaessner, “British Judge Rules Dissident Can Sue.”

  58. Sally Weale, “Cambridge University Accused of Faustian Pact in Planned £400m Deal with UAE,” Guardian, July 7, 2021, https://www.theguardian.com/education/2021/jul/07/cambridge-university-accused-of-faustian-pact-in-planned-400m-deal-with-uae (archive: perma.cc/K93J-68GL); Richard Adams, Georgia Goble, and Nick Bartlett, “Cambridge University Halts £400m Deal with UAE over Pegasus Spyware Claims,” Guardian, October 14, 2021, https://www.theguardian.com/education/2021/oct/14/cambridge-university-halts-400m-deal-with-uae-over-pegasus-spyware-claims (archive: perma.cc/CM3Y-JHQU).

  59. “Al Maktoum Judgments.”

  60. Michael Holden, “Dubai Ruler’s Ex-Wife Gets Custody of Children after ‘Exorbi- tant’ Domestic Abuse,” Reuters, March 24, 2022, https://www.reuters.com/worldmiddle-east/dubai-rulers-ex-wife-gets-custody-children-after-exorbitant-domesticabuse-2022-03-24/.

  61. Manaal Fatimah, “Queen Elizabeth II’s Funeral: Arab Royals Pay Their Respects Ahead of the Ceremony,” Harper’s Bazaar Arabia, September 19, 2022, https://www.harpersbazaararabia.com/culture/royal-watch/arab-royals-at-queen-elizabeth-iifuneral; “UK Invites Saudi Crown Prince for Official Visit, in First since Khashoggi Killing,” Middle East Monitor, July 16, 2023, https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20230716-uk-invites-saudi-crown-prince-for-official-visit-in-first-sincekhashoggi-killing/.